Frequency (50 / 60 Hz)
The network frequency, which directly affects flux and losses.
Definition
Frequency is the number of cycles per second of the supply voltage, expressed in hertz (Hz). In Europe the network is 50 Hz, in North America 60 Hz. It is a decisive parameter for transformer design.
For a given voltage, a lower frequency imposes a higher flux in the core (the flux is inversely proportional to the frequency). A transformer designed for 60 Hz and supplied at 50 Hz therefore sees its flux increase by about 20 %: it risks saturation, heating and noise. The reverse is generally harmless.
Frequency also affects iron losses, which increase with it.
The ABL tip
A transformer is not universally 50/60 Hz compatible: a US unit (60 Hz) must not be connected as-is to the European 50 Hz network. For your export projects, state the target frequency — we design accordingly.
